use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::io::stdout;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::time::Duration;
use std::{fmt::Write, process::ExitCode};

use anstream::AutoStream;
use anyhow::Context;
use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
use tracing::debug;

pub(crate) use auth::dir::dir as auth_dir;
pub(crate) use auth::helper::helper as auth_helper;
pub(crate) use auth::login::login as auth_login;
pub(crate) use auth::logout::logout as auth_logout;
pub(crate) use auth::token::token as auth_token;
pub(crate) use build_frontend::build_frontend;
pub(crate) use cache_clean::cache_clean;
pub(crate) use cache_dir::cache_dir;
pub(crate) use cache_prune::cache_prune;
pub(crate) use cache_size::cache_size;
pub(crate) use help::help;
pub(crate) use pip::check::pip_check;
pub(crate) use pip::compile::pip_compile;
pub(crate) use pip::freeze::pip_freeze;
pub(crate) use pip::install::pip_install;
pub(crate) use pip::list::pip_list;
pub(crate) use pip::show::pip_show;
pub(crate) use pip::sync::pip_sync;
pub(crate) use pip::tree::pip_tree;
pub(crate) use pip::uninstall::pip_uninstall;
pub(crate) use project::add::add;
pub(crate) use project::audit::audit;
pub(crate) use project::export::export;
pub(crate) use project::format::format;
pub(crate) use project::init::{InitKind, InitProjectKind, init};
pub(crate) use project::lock::lock;
pub(crate) use project::remove::remove;
pub(crate) use project::run::{ParsedRunCommand, RunCommand, run};
pub(crate) use project::sync::sync;
pub(crate) use project::tree::tree;
pub(crate) use project::version::{project_version, self_version};
pub(crate) use publish::publish;
pub(crate) use python::dir::dir as python_dir;
pub(crate) use python::find::find as python_find;
pub(crate) use python::find::find_script as python_find_script;
pub(crate) use python::install::install as python_install;
pub(crate) use python::install::{PythonUpgrade, PythonUpgradeSource};
pub(crate) use python::list::list as python_list;
pub(crate) use python::pin::pin as python_pin;
pub(crate) use python::uninstall::uninstall as python_uninstall;
pub(crate) use python::update_shell::update_shell as python_update_shell;
#[cfg(feature = "self-update")]
pub(crate) use self_update::self_update;
pub(crate) use tool::dir::dir as tool_dir;
pub(crate) use tool::install::install as tool_install;
pub(crate) use tool::list::list as tool_list;
pub(crate) use tool::run::ToolRunCommand;
pub(crate) use tool::run::run as tool_run;
pub(crate) use tool::uninstall::uninstall as tool_uninstall;
pub(crate) use tool::update_shell::update_shell as tool_update_shell;
pub(crate) use tool::upgrade::upgrade as tool_upgrade;
use uv_cache::Cache;
use uv_configuration::Concurrency;
pub(crate) use uv_console::human_readable_bytes;
use uv_fs::{CWD, Simplified};
use uv_installer::compile_tree;
use uv_python::PythonEnvironment;
use uv_scripts::Pep723Script;
pub(crate) use venv::venv;
pub(crate) use workspace::dir::dir;
pub(crate) use workspace::list::list;
pub(crate) use workspace::metadata::metadata;

use crate::commands::pip::operations::ChangedDist;
use crate::printer::Printer;

mod auth;
pub(crate) mod build_backend;
mod build_frontend;
mod cache_clean;
mod cache_dir;
mod cache_prune;
mod cache_size;
pub(crate) mod diagnostics;
mod editable;
mod help;
pub(crate) mod pip;
mod project;
mod publish;
mod pylock;
mod python;
pub(crate) mod reporters;
#[cfg(feature = "self-update")]
mod self_update;
mod tool;
mod venv;
mod workspace;

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub(crate) enum ExitStatus {
    /// The command succeeded.
    Success,

    /// The command failed due to an error in the user input.
    Failure,

    /// The command failed with an unexpected error.
    Error,

    /// The command's exit status is propagated from an external command.
    External(u8),
}

impl From<ExitStatus> for ExitCode {
    fn from(status: ExitStatus) -> Self {
        match status {
            ExitStatus::Success => Self::from(0),
            ExitStatus::Failure => Self::from(1),
            ExitStatus::Error => Self::from(2),
            ExitStatus::External(code) => Self::from(code),
        }
    }
}

/// Format a duration as a human-readable string, Cargo-style.
pub(super) fn elapsed(duration: Duration) -> String {
    let secs = duration.as_secs();
    let ms = duration.subsec_millis();

    if secs >= 60 {
        format!("{}m {:02}s", secs / 60, secs % 60)
    } else if secs > 0 {
        format!("{}.{:02}s", secs, duration.subsec_nanos() / 10_000_000)
    } else if ms > 0 {
        format!("{ms}ms")
    } else {
        format!("0.{:02}ms", duration.subsec_nanos() / 10_000)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
pub(super) enum ChangeEventKind {
    /// The package was removed from the environment.
    Removed,
    /// The package was added to the environment.
    Added,
    /// The package was reinstalled without changing versions.
    Reinstalled,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(super) struct ChangeEvent<'a> {
    dist: &'a ChangedDist,
    kind: ChangeEventKind,
}

/// Compile all Python source files in site-packages to bytecode, to speed up the
/// initial run of any subsequent executions.
///
/// See the `--compile` option on `pip sync` and `pip install`.
pub(super) async fn compile_bytecode(
    venv: &PythonEnvironment,
    concurrency: &Concurrency,
    cache: &Cache,
    printer: Printer,
) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
    let mut files = 0;
    for site_packages in venv.site_packages() {
        let site_packages = CWD.join(site_packages);
        if !site_packages.exists() {
            debug!(
                "Skipping non-existent site-packages directory: {}",
                site_packages.display()
            );
            continue;
        }
        files += compile_tree(
            &site_packages,
            venv.python_executable(),
            concurrency,
            cache.root(),
        )
        .await
        .with_context(|| {
            format!(
                "Failed to bytecode-compile Python file in: {}",
                site_packages.user_display()
            )
        })?;
    }
    let s = if files == 1 { "" } else { "s" };
    writeln!(
        printer.stderr(),
        "{}",
        format!(
            "Bytecode compiled {} {}",
            format!("{files} file{s}").bold(),
            format!("in {}", elapsed(start.elapsed())).dimmed()
        )
        .dimmed()
    )?;
    Ok(())
}

/// A multicasting writer that writes to both the standard output and an output file, if present.
struct OutputWriter<'a> {
    stdout: Option<AutoStream<std::io::Stdout>>,
    output_file: Option<&'a Path>,
    buffer: Vec<u8>,
}

impl<'a> OutputWriter<'a> {
    /// Create a new output writer.
    fn new(include_stdout: bool, output_file: Option<&'a Path>) -> Self {
        let stdout = include_stdout.then(|| AutoStream::<std::io::Stdout>::auto(stdout()));
        Self {
            stdout,
            output_file,
            buffer: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Commit the buffer to the output file.
    async fn commit(self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        if let Some(output_file) = self.output_file {
            if let Some(parent_dir) = output_file.parent() {
                fs_err::create_dir_all(parent_dir)?;
            }

            // If the output file is an existing symlink, write to the destination instead.
            let output_file = fs_err::read_link(output_file)
                .map(Cow::Owned)
                .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(output_file));
            let stream = anstream::adapter::strip_bytes(&self.buffer).into_vec();
            uv_fs::write_atomic(output_file, &stream).await?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl std::io::Write for OutputWriter<'_> {
    /// Write to both standard output and the output buffer, if present.
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
        // Write to the buffer.
        if self.output_file.is_some() {
            self.buffer.write_all(buf)?;
        }

        // Write to standard output.
        if let Some(stdout) = &mut self.stdout {
            stdout.write_all(buf)?;
        }

        Ok(buf.len())
    }

    fn flush(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        if let Some(stdout) = &mut self.stdout {
            stdout.flush()?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Given a list of names, return a conjunction of the names (e.g., "Alice, Bob, and Charlie").
pub(super) fn conjunction(names: Vec<String>) -> String {
    let mut names = names.into_iter();
    let first = names.next();
    let last = names.next_back();
    match (first, last) {
        (Some(first), Some(last)) => {
            let mut result = first;
            let mut comma = false;
            for name in names {
                result.push_str(", ");
                result.push_str(&name);
                comma = true;
            }
            if comma {
                result.push_str(", and ");
            } else {
                result.push_str(" and ");
            }
            result.push_str(&last);
            result
        }
        (Some(first), None) => first,
        _ => String::new(),
    }
}

/// Capitalize the first letter of a string.
pub(super) fn capitalize(s: &str) -> String {
    let mut chars = s.chars();
    match chars.next() {
        None => String::new(),
        Some(c) => c.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + chars.as_str(),
    }
}

/// A Python file that may or may not include an existing PEP 723 script tag.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
pub(crate) enum ScriptPath {
    /// The Python file already includes a PEP 723 script tag.
    Script(Pep723Script),
    /// The Python file does not include a PEP 723 script tag.
    Path(PathBuf),
}
